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Power conversion systems

Power conversion systems (PCS) are intermediary devices between the storage element, such as large banks of (DC) batteries, and the (AC) power grid

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Overview

With the enormous amount of energy being consumed and government policies to minimize carbon emissions, the shift to renewable energy makes reliably delivering energy where and when it is needed more challenging than ever. A critical component of any successful energy storage system is the power conversion system (PCS), which is the intermediary device between the storage element, typically large banks of DC batteries, and the AC power grid.

Benefits

  • Losses cut by 50% for extra energy
  • 2% more energy w/ same battery size
  • Up to 200+ kW power level
  • High reliability
  • Low stray inductance
  • Wild range of operating temps
  • Integrated NTC with high isolation
  • Current measurement up to 120 A

Block diagram

About

About power conversion systems

Infineon's product offerings for power conversion systems in ESS are broken down into multiple categories, whereas the lower power end 10-125 kW is often directly coupled with PV (hybrid inverter) and systems, with higher power, hybrid or standalone, fall into the Commercial and Industrial or Utility BESS space.

Power semiconductor offering for BTM
  • PCS topologies <10 kW: Infineon portfolio support full residential system solutions with the highest efficiency and power density. More information and recommendations.
  • PCS topologies 10 kW to 125 kW: Are often connected directly with PV and therefore use a hybrid inverter approach.. More information and recommendations.
  • PCS topologies for Commercial & Industrial BESS: C&I BESS are usually 1000 V DC and 380 V to 415 V 3ph AC. The PCS system is a bidirectional inverter. PCS with 100kW+ are generally not hybrid (no direct DC input from solar). Popular PCS sizes in C&I application? range from 20kW up to 250kW. Infineon¡¯s recommend power products range from IGBT discretes to SiC discretes and modules. For 2lvl and NPC 2 (outer switches) are rated 1200-1700V and for NPC 1 & ANPC topologies 950V-1200V. Recommended medium power modules are in the EasyPackTM and EconoPACKTM family , mainly developed for single module solution design. For increased efficiency and footprint optimization CoolSiC? Easy modules are recommended.?
Power semiconductor offering for FTM
  • PCS topologies for Utility BESS use 1500 V DC battery systems and 3ph AC up to 690 V connected to the 10kV to 35kV medium voltage grid via a low frequency transformer. Topologies range from 2lvl SiC to 3lvl IGBT to SiC Hybrid with voltage ratings of 2000 V (2lvl) and 1200 V (3lvl). Based on the level of modularization and integration several sub types are common:
  • String PCS Topologies 100-430kW: Each rack in a container is connected to a dedicate often integrated inverter. Here single module solutions, both IGBT and SiC are popular and power density and efficiency is key due to space constrains inside 20ft containers. Recommended product families are Easy, Econopack, EconoDUAL3, 62mm all available with IGBT and SiC technology.
  • Monolithic Central PCS >1 MW: Here a single instance high power inverter converts AC/DC, realized via single modules or low number of paralleled high current rated modules (>500A). PrimePACK? 3+ and/or a combination with IHM/IHV modules are recommended for 3-lvl topologies. Whereas high performance 2-lvl designs are realized with XHP? 2 using CoolSiC? with 2300 V to 3300 V rated chips.
  • Modular Central PCS topologies >1MW: Here the central inverter is built up from paralleled sub inverter modules. With submodules in the range of? 500 kW-1.5 MW, in the submodules power modules are paralleled to increase the power rating. This approach uses medium power baseplate modules such as EconoDUAL3 or 62mm in 2lvl and 3lvl topologies.
  • Cascaded Topologies: Cascaded systems represent innovative approaches to further integrate adjacent systems into BESS.
  • HV cascade solutions aim to remove the LF transformer to directly connect to MV grid. Depending on the approach modules like Easy C series or EconoDUAL as well as bipolar device can be considered
  • LV cascaded solutions aim to further modularize the string PCS for power conversion at battery module or cell level. Thus, offering more precise control, increased inverter efficiency and increased battery lifetime for residential to commercial and even up to smaller utility systems. Typically, a single 60 V module features a H-bridge configuration and is cascaded up to 220-240V per phase. Recommended solutions are ~100 V N-channel power MOSFETs in various standard and performance optimized packages (e.g. SuperSO8)
System solutions beyond power

For efficient and reliable function of the PCS Infineon offers solutions beyond power:

About power conversion systems

Infineon's product offerings for power conversion systems in ESS are broken down into multiple categories, whereas the lower power end 10-125 kW is often directly coupled with PV (hybrid inverter) and systems, with higher power, hybrid or standalone, fall into the Commercial and Industrial or Utility BESS space.

Power semiconductor offering for BTM
  • PCS topologies <10 kW: Infineon portfolio support full residential system solutions with the highest efficiency and power density. More information and recommendations.
  • PCS topologies 10 kW to 125 kW: Are often connected directly with PV and therefore use a hybrid inverter approach.. More information and recommendations.
  • PCS topologies for Commercial & Industrial BESS: C&I BESS are usually 1000 V DC and 380 V to 415 V 3ph AC. The PCS system is a bidirectional inverter. PCS with 100kW+ are generally not hybrid (no direct DC input from solar). Popular PCS sizes in C&I application? range from 20kW up to 250kW. Infineon¡¯s recommend power products range from IGBT discretes to SiC discretes and modules. For 2lvl and NPC 2 (outer switches) are rated 1200-1700V and for NPC 1 & ANPC topologies 950V-1200V. Recommended medium power modules are in the EasyPackTM and EconoPACKTM family , mainly developed for single module solution design. For increased efficiency and footprint optimization CoolSiC? Easy modules are recommended.?

Power semiconductor offering for FTM
  • PCS topologies for Utility BESS use 1500 V DC battery systems and 3ph AC up to 690 V connected to the 10kV to 35kV medium voltage grid via a low frequency transformer. Topologies range from 2lvl SiC to 3lvl IGBT to SiC Hybrid with voltage ratings of 2000 V (2lvl) and 1200 V (3lvl). Based on the level of modularization and integration several sub types are common:
  • String PCS Topologies 100-430kW: Each rack in a container is connected to a dedicate often integrated inverter. Here single module solutions, both IGBT and SiC are popular and power density and efficiency is key due to space constrains inside 20ft containers. Recommended product families are Easy, Econopack, EconoDUAL3, 62mm all available with IGBT and SiC technology.
  • Monolithic Central PCS >1 MW: Here a single instance high power inverter converts AC/DC, realized via single modules or low number of paralleled high current rated modules (>500A). PrimePACK? 3+ and/or a combination with IHM/IHV modules are recommended for 3-lvl topologies. Whereas high performance 2-lvl designs are realized with XHP? 2 using CoolSiC? with 2300 V to 3300 V rated chips.
  • Modular Central PCS topologies >1MW: Here the central inverter is built up from paralleled sub inverter modules. With submodules in the range of? 500 kW-1.5 MW, in the submodules power modules are paralleled to increase the power rating. This approach uses medium power baseplate modules such as EconoDUAL3 or 62mm in 2lvl and 3lvl topologies.
  • Cascaded Topologies: Cascaded systems represent innovative approaches to further integrate adjacent systems into BESS.
  • HV cascade solutions aim to remove the LF transformer to directly connect to MV grid. Depending on the approach modules like Easy C series or EconoDUAL as well as bipolar device can be considered
  • LV cascaded solutions aim to further modularize the string PCS for power conversion at battery module or cell level. Thus, offering more precise control, increased inverter efficiency and increased battery lifetime for residential to commercial and even up to smaller utility systems. Typically, a single 60 V module features a H-bridge configuration and is cascaded up to 220-240V per phase. Recommended solutions are ~100 V N-channel power MOSFETs in various standard and performance optimized packages (e.g. SuperSO8)

System solutions beyond power

For efficient and reliable function of the PCS Infineon offers solutions beyond power:

Documents

Documents

Design resources

Partner solutions

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